{
  "better_direction": null,
  "coverage": {
    "end": "2026-07-31",
    "start": "2015-08-01"
  },
  "description": "Migrant arrivals, departures and net migration for New Zealand citizens, non-New Zealand citizens and all citizenships. Monthly figures are seasonally adjusted; year-ended figures are unadjusted. Net migration is arrivals minus departures.",
  "id": "migration-by-citizenship",
  "issues": [],
  "kind": "balance",
  "limitations": [
    "Provisional estimates are revised; monthly seasonally adjusted figures are also revised each release.",
    "Counts cover people migrating for 12 months or more, measured as 12 of the following 16 months in or out of New Zealand.",
    "Monthly figures are seasonally adjusted and must not be summed to reproduce unadjusted year-ended figures.",
    "Year-ended totals are calculated by adding the two citizenship groups; rounding may differ from independently published totals. Standard errors are not additive.",
    "Non-New Zealand citizens includes unspecified citizenship. Citizenship does not identify migration to or from Australia.",
    "Each release provides a rolling window; earlier periods are retained from stored releases, and newer releases replace overlapping estimates."
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "adapter": "statsnz-migration-tables",
    "merged_snapshots": [
      "data/raw/statsnz-migration-tables/2026-10-11_f0dfd28ac8bc.xlsx"
    ],
    "origin": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/International-migration/International-migration-July-2026/Download-data/international-migration-july-2026.xlsx",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-11T07:33:51.202Z",
    "sha256": "f0dfd28ac8bcbe1f8b10918fe11ec07f2fd4b4ef2e518c3f94f928a00b484c6a",
    "snapshot": "data/raw/statsnz-migration-tables/2026-10-11_f0dfd28ac8bc.xlsx"
  },
  "related": [
    "nz-citizen-migration",
    "migration-totals"
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 2080
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 2150
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 2040
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 2100
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 2200
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 2150
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 2170
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 2230
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 2280
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 2350
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 2190
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 2180
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 2230
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 2240
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 2370
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 2360
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 2270
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 2170
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 1820
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(1)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: arrivals (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.departures.nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 5680
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 5460
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 5310
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 5200
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 5430
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 5110
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 5100
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 5320
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 5400
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 5360
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 5450
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 5500
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 5920
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 5600
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 5420
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 5310
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 5190
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 5180
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 5210
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(2)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: departures (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.net.nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": -3590
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": -3310
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": -3270
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": -3100
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": -3230
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": -2960
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": -2930
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": -3100
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": -3130
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": -3020
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": -3260
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": -3320
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": -3700
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": -3360
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": -3040
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": -2950
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": -2930
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": -3010
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": -3400
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(3)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: net (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.non-nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 8230
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 9910
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 8010
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 7960
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 8190
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 8600
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 8020
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 7890
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 8630
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 8380
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 8370
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 8830
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 9190
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 9540
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 9160
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 9190
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 8630
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 9420
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 10060
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(1)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: arrivals (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.departures.non-nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 4820
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 4260
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 4380
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 4260
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 4300
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 4090
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 4360
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 4150
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 4250
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 4230
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 4320
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 4220
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 4110
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 4220
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 4150
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 4040
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 3950
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 3840
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 3650
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(2)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: departures (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.net.non-nz.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 3410
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 5650
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 3630
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 3700
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 3890
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 4510
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 3660
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 3740
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 4390
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 4160
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 4040
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 4610
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 5080
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 5310
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 5010
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 5150
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 4690
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 5580
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 6410
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(3)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: net (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.total.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 10320
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 12070
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 10050
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 10060
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 10390
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 10750
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 10190
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 10120
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 10910
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 10730
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 10560
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 11010
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 11420
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 11780
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 11530
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 11550
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 10900
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 11590
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 11870
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(1)",
      "title": "All citizenships: arrivals (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.departures.total.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 10500
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 9720
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 9690
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 9450
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 9730
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 9200
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 9460
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 9480
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 9650
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 9590
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 9770
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 9720
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 10040
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 9830
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 9560
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 9350
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 9140
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 9020
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 8870
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(2)",
      "title": "All citizenships: departures (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Seasonally adjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "monthly",
      "id": "migtab.net.total.monthly",
      "notes": [
        "1. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "2. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "4. Seasonally adjusted values exclude estimated seasonal fluctuations and are revised monthly. New Zealand and non-New Zealand citizens are seasonally adjusted independently from, and therefore may not sum to, total citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted historical seasonal patterns and months from March 2020 to December 2022 reflect observed actual values without seasonal, trading day, or holiday adjustment.",
        "5. Trend values exclude seasonal fluctuations and short-term irregular movements and are revised monthly. We are not publishing trend series from March 2020 to December 2022 as, due to COVID-19 related effects on migration, the trend may not represent real changes in migration patterns."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2025-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2025",
          "period": "2025-01-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": -180
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2025",
          "period": "2025-02-28",
          "start": "2025-02-01",
          "value": 2340
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2025",
          "period": "2025-03-31",
          "start": "2025-03-01",
          "value": 360
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2025",
          "period": "2025-04-30",
          "start": "2025-04-01",
          "value": 600
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-05-31",
          "label": "May 2025",
          "period": "2025-05-31",
          "start": "2025-05-01",
          "value": 660
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2025",
          "period": "2025-06-30",
          "start": "2025-06-01",
          "value": 1550
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2025",
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2025-07-01",
          "value": 730
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-08-31",
          "label": "Aug 2025",
          "period": "2025-08-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "value": 640
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-09-30",
          "label": "Sep 2025",
          "period": "2025-09-30",
          "start": "2025-09-01",
          "value": 1260
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-10-31",
          "label": "Oct 2025",
          "period": "2025-10-31",
          "start": "2025-10-01",
          "value": 1140
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-11-30",
          "label": "Nov 2025",
          "period": "2025-11-30",
          "start": "2025-11-01",
          "value": 790
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "Dec 2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-12-01",
          "value": 1290
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-01-31",
          "label": "Jan 2026",
          "period": "2026-01-31",
          "start": "2026-01-01",
          "value": 1380
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-02-28",
          "label": "Feb 2026",
          "period": "2026-02-28",
          "start": "2026-02-01",
          "value": 1950
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-03-31",
          "label": "Mar 2026",
          "period": "2026-03-31",
          "start": "2026-03-01",
          "value": 1970
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-04-30",
          "label": "Apr 2026",
          "period": "2026-04-30",
          "start": "2026-04-01",
          "value": 2200
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-05-31",
          "label": "May 2026",
          "period": "2026-05-31",
          "start": "2026-05-01",
          "value": 1760
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-06-30",
          "label": "Jun 2026",
          "period": "2026-06-30",
          "start": "2026-06-01",
          "value": 2580
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Jul 2026",
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2026-07-01",
          "value": 3010
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Calendar month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(3)",
      "title": "All citizenships: net (seasonally adjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 39024
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 38143
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 35228
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 35532
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42695
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 36374
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23067
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23565
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 22288
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 27,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 24853
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 257,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 26631
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(2)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: arrivals (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.departures.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42040
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 41268
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42382
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 40142
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 23301
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 24350
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 38726
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 61204
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 67267
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 53,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 65225
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 460,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 64966
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(3)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: departures (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.net.nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -3016
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -3125
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -7154
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -4610
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 19394
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 12024
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -15659
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -37639
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -44979
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 58,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": -40372
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 520,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": -38335
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(4)",
      "title": "New Zealand citizens: net (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.non-nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 105334
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 104023
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 102804
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 107388
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 106478
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 25506
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 43958
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 188555
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 153280
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 67,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 102995
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 592,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 107803
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(2)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: arrivals (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.departures.non-nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 37646
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42153
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 47038
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 48972
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 47369
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 45137
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 42803
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 36911
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 44823
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 29,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 53031
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 353,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 49118
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(3)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: departures (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.net.non-nz.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional"
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 67688
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 61870
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 55766
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 58416
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 59109
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -19631
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 1155
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 151644
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 108457
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "standard_error": 70,
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 49964
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "standard_error": 654,
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 58685
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(4)",
      "title": "Non-New Zealand citizens: net (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.arrivals.total.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional",
        "Total calculated as NZ plus non-NZ citizens; rounding can differ from separately published totals."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 144358
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 142166
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 138032
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 142920
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 149173
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 61880
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 67025
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 212120
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 175568
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 127848
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 134434
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant arrivals(2): NZ + non-NZ citizens",
      "title": "All citizenships: arrivals (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.departures.total.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional",
        "Total calculated as NZ plus non-NZ citizens; rounding can differ from separately published totals."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 79686
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 83421
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 89420
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 89114
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 70670
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 69487
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 81529
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 98115
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 112090
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 118256
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 114084
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Migrant departures(3): NZ + non-NZ citizens",
      "title": "All citizenships: departures (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "adjustment": "Unadjusted"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "migtab.net.total.year-ended",
      "notes": [
        "1. The classification of travellers into short-term movements or long-term movements (migrants) is based on observed travel histories, from linked arrival and departure records. This classification, and resulting migration estimates, remain provisional until the duration of stay/absence can be calculated definitively (according to the 12/16-month rule) about 17 months after the reference period.",
        "2. Overseas residents who arrive in New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months in New Zealand. Duration of stay is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "3. New Zealand residents who depart New Zealand and cumulatively spend 12 of the next 16 months out of New Zealand. Duration of absence is based on observed travel histories from linked arrival and departure records.",
        "4. Estimated migrant arrivals minus estimated migrant departures.",
        "5. The standard error indicates the uncertainty of the provisional migration estimate. For example, the 95 percent confidence interval is ±1.96 standard errors. These intervals reflect the model uncertainty, not the extent of future revisions to provisional data. Standard errors are non-additive.",
        "6. The new series includes a small number of migrants with unspecified citizenship in the non-New Zealand citizenship grouping, so New Zealand citizens plus non-New Zealand citizens equals total estimated migration.",
        "Note: Owing to rounding, individual figures may not sum to stated totals.",
        "F final",
        "P provisional",
        "Total calculated as NZ plus non-NZ citizens; rounding can differ from separately published totals."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "end": "2016-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2016",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2016-07-31",
          "start": "2015-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 64672
        },
        {
          "end": "2017-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2017",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2017-07-31",
          "start": "2016-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 58745
        },
        {
          "end": "2018-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2018",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2018-07-31",
          "start": "2017-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 48612
        },
        {
          "end": "2019-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2019",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2019-07-31",
          "start": "2018-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 53806
        },
        {
          "end": "2020-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2020",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2020-07-31",
          "start": "2019-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 78503
        },
        {
          "end": "2021-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2021",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2021-07-31",
          "start": "2020-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -7607
        },
        {
          "end": "2022-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2022",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2022-07-31",
          "start": "2021-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": -14504
        },
        {
          "end": "2023-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2023",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2023-07-31",
          "start": "2022-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 114005
        },
        {
          "end": "2024-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2024",
          "markers": [
            "F"
          ],
          "period": "2024-07-31",
          "start": "2023-08-01",
          "status": "final",
          "value": 63478
        },
        {
          "end": "2025-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2025",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2025-07-31",
          "start": "2024-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 9592
        },
        {
          "end": "2026-07-31",
          "label": "Year to Jul 2026",
          "markers": [
            "P"
          ],
          "period": "2026-07-31",
          "start": "2025-08-01",
          "status": "provisional",
          "value": 20350
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Year ended the release month",
      "source_label": "Net migration(4): NZ + non-NZ citizens",
      "title": "All citizenships: net (unadjusted)",
      "unit": "number"
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "id": "statsnz-migration-tables",
    "landing_url": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/topics/migration",
    "licence": {
      "attribution": "This work is based on Stats NZ's data which are licensed by Stats NZ for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-11",
      "evidence": "https://www.stats.govt.nz/about-us/copyright/",
      "exclusions": "Photos, graphics and logos are excluded.",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "reuse": "open-licence",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "name": "International migration release tables: citizenship and direction",
    "organisation": "Stats NZ Tatauranga Aotearoa",
    "publication_date": "2026-09-14"
  },
  "title": "Migration by citizenship and direction",
  "topic": "migration"
}