{
  "better_direction": null,
  "coverage": {
    "end": "1993-06-30",
    "start": "1971-04-01"
  },
  "description": "The cash-basis measures Treasury used before accrual accounting began in 1994: financial net expenditure, cash receipts and the (adjusted) financial balance. (Tax receipts continue after 1993 and are published separately.)",
  "id": "historical-cash-measures",
  "issues": [],
  "kind": "balance",
  "limitations": [
    "Cash measures are not comparable with the accrual series from 1994 (different basis, coverage and GST treatment).",
    "Between 1987 and 1993 these include GST paid on government purchases.",
    "Years ending March to 1989, June from 1990."
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "adapter": "treasury-hfi",
    "origin": "https://www.treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2026-01/fiscaltimeseries1972-2025-year-end25.xlsx",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-10T18:15:21.570Z",
    "sha256": "de59f9028a81a697ee66eea04861edfd8e2c3a7e472b3b8798d976951964f70f",
    "snapshot": "data/raw/treasury-hfi/2026-10-10_de59f9028a81.xlsx"
  },
  "related": [
    "tax-receipts",
    "core-crown-revenue",
    "core-crown-expenses",
    "operating-balance-obegal"
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Spending",
      "id": "financial-net-expenditure.nzd-m",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for these years inclusive of GST",
        "1 Includes Heritage, culture and recreation, primary services, Housing and Community devlopment; and environmental protection",
        "^ Total Crown expenses have been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy expense between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 1682.8
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 2006.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 2303.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 2977.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": 3562
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 3956.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 4959.1
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": 6099.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": 6971.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": 8517.3
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": 10407.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": 11956.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": 13424.6
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": 14533.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": 16987.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": 20823
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": 24905.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": 26427.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": 29294.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": 30298
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": 29174
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": 29418
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Financial Net Expenditure",
      "title": "Financial net expenditure (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "nzd_millions"
    },
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Spending",
      "id": "financial-net-expenditure.pct-gdp",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for these years inclusive of GST",
        "1 Includes Heritage, culture and recreation, primary services, Housing and Community devlopment; and environmental protection",
        "^ Total Crown expenses have been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy expense between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 24.0743919886
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 24.8292079208
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 24.6116867856
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 29.1845535627
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": 30.9577611681
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 28.3202118523
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 31.6531563158
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": 34.2476137002
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": 33.92971868
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": 35.5065032516
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": 35.8540030316
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": 35.769760067
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": 36.0362923791
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": 34.4046491809
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": 34.8248221571
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": 35.9308405087
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": 38.2182699833
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": 37.4173498138
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": 38.9864253394
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": 39.8873076265
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": 37.9257448911
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": 37.0741912311
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Financial Net Expenditure",
      "title": "Financial net expenditure (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "percent_of_gdp"
    },
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Tax and Revenue",
      "id": "cash-receipts.nzd-m",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for Total Crown Operating Balance, core Crown tax Revenue and core Crown Revenue for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for receipts and revenue for these years include GST paid on government purchases",
        "^ Total Crown revenue has been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government.",
        "The source's % of GDP table labels some years with a different accounting basis than its $ millions table; we use the $ millions label for both."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 1790
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 2013.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 2391.6
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 3020.6
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": 3384.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 4072.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 4974.3
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": 5402.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": 6559.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": 7608.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": 9378.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": 10514.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": 11149.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": 12534.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": 15801.3
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": 18992.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": 23583.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": 25473.4
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": 28351.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": 29010
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": 27635
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": 27629
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Cash Receipts",
      "title": "Cash receipts (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "nzd_millions"
    },
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Tax and Revenue",
      "id": "cash-receipts.pct-gdp",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for Total Crown Operating Balance, core Crown tax Revenue and core Crown Revenue for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for receipts and revenue for these years include GST paid on government purchases",
        "^ Total Crown revenue has been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government.",
        "The source's % of GDP table labels some years with a different accounting basis than its $ millions table; we use the $ millions label for both."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 25.6080114449
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 24.9183168317
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 25.5485525051
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 29.6050181319
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": 29.4142186685
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 29.147580876
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 31.7501755282
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": 30.3335204941
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": 31.9268957461
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": 31.7175254294
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": 32.3081163015
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": 31.4557530066
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": 29.9291332242
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": 29.6709591895
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": 32.3936530064
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": 32.7722464756
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": 36.1896358586
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": 36.0664882697
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": 37.7311684855
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": 38.191656025
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": 35.9250688992
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": 34.8195944498
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Cash Receipts",
      "title": "Cash receipts (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "percent_of_gdp"
    },
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Surplus/Deficit Measures",
      "id": "adjusted-financial-balance.nzd-m",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for Total Crown Operating Balance, core Crown tax Revenue and core Crown Revenue for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for receipts and revenue for these years include GST paid on government purchases",
        "^ Total Crown revenue has been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government.",
        "The source's % of GDP table labels some years with a different accounting basis than its $ millions table; we use the $ millions label for both."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 107.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 7.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 87.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 42.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": -177.6
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 115.6
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 15.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": -697.1
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": -411.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": -908.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": -1029.3
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": -1442
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": -2275.1
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": -1999.7
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": -1185.9
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": -1830.5
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": -1322
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": -954.1
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": -943.2
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": -2558
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": -2528
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": -1823
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Adjusted Financial Balance",
      "title": "Adjusted financial balance (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "nzd_millions"
    },
    {
      "frequency": "annual",
      "group": "Surplus/Deficit Measures",
      "id": "adjusted-financial-balance.pct-gdp",
      "notes": [
        "* GAAP data for Total Crown Operating Balance, core Crown tax Revenue and core Crown Revenue for these years has not been backdated on IFRS basis",
        "† Data for receipts and revenue for these years include GST paid on government purchases",
        "^ Total Crown revenue has been restated to exclude Income Related Rent Subsidy between government reporting entities",
        "# 2019 results have been restated in the adoption of new PBE standards.  Further information can be found in note 28 of the 2019/20 financial statements of government.",
        "The source's % of GDP table labels some years with a different accounting basis than its $ millions table; we use the $ millions label for both."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1972-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1972",
          "period": "1972-03-31",
          "start": "1971-04-01",
          "value": 1.53361945637
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1973-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1973",
          "period": "1973-03-31",
          "start": "1972-04-01",
          "value": 0.0891089108911
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1974-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1974",
          "period": "1974-03-31",
          "start": "1973-04-01",
          "value": 0.936865719474
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1975-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1975",
          "period": "1975-03-31",
          "start": "1974-04-01",
          "value": 0.420464569244
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1976-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1976",
          "period": "1976-03-31",
          "start": "1975-04-01",
          "value": -1.54354249957
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1977-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1977",
          "period": "1977-03-31",
          "start": "1976-04-01",
          "value": 0.827369023762
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1978-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1978",
          "period": "1978-03-31",
          "start": "1977-04-01",
          "value": 0.0970192123572
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1979-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1979",
          "period": "1979-03-31",
          "start": "1978-04-01",
          "value": -3.91409320606
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1980-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1980",
          "period": "1980-03-31",
          "start": "1979-04-01",
          "value": -2.0028229339
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1981-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1981",
          "period": "1981-03-31",
          "start": "1980-04-01",
          "value": -3.78897782224
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1982-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1982",
          "period": "1982-03-31",
          "start": "1981-04-01",
          "value": -3.54588673005
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1983-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1983",
          "period": "1983-03-31",
          "start": "1982-04-01",
          "value": -4.31400706037
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1984-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1984",
          "period": "1984-03-31",
          "start": "1983-04-01",
          "value": -6.10715915497
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1985-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1985",
          "period": "1985-03-31",
          "start": "1984-04-01",
          "value": -4.73368999148
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1986-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1986",
          "period": "1986-03-31",
          "start": "1985-04-01",
          "value": -2.43116915066
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1987-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1987",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1987-03-31",
          "start": "1986-04-01",
          "value": -3.1585940331
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1988-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1988",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1988-03-31",
          "start": "1987-04-01",
          "value": -2.02863412463
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1989-03-31",
          "label": "Year to Mar 1989",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1989-03-31",
          "start": "1988-04-01",
          "value": -1.35086154412
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1990-06-30",
          "label": "1989/90",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1990-06-30",
          "start": "1989-07-01",
          "value": -1.25525685387
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1991-06-30",
          "label": "1990/91",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1991-06-30",
          "start": "1990-07-01",
          "value": -3.36760620861
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1992-06-30",
          "label": "1991/92",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1992-06-30",
          "start": "1991-07-01",
          "value": -3.28636056367
        },
        {
          "basis": "cash",
          "end": "1993-06-30",
          "label": "1992/93",
          "markers": [
            "†"
          ],
          "period": "1993-06-30",
          "start": "1992-07-01",
          "value": -2.29744546245
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Adjusted Financial Balance",
      "title": "Adjusted financial balance (cash basis, to 1993)",
      "unit": "percent_of_gdp"
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "edition": "Update for Year End 30 June 2025",
    "id": "treasury-hfi",
    "landing_url": "https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/information-release/data-fiscal-time-series-historical-fiscal-indicators",
    "licence": {
      "attribution": "Source: The Treasury, Fiscal Time Series – Historical Fiscal Indicators, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Figures transformed and calculated by NZ in Numbers.",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-10",
      "evidence": "Treasury's copyright page (treasury.govt.nz/copyright-and-licensing) states most material is Crown copyright licensed CC BY 4.0. Read via search summary because the page blocks automated access \u2014 confirm in a browser and set status to confirmed.",
      "exclusions": "Treasury logos, emblems, trade marks and website design are not covered and must not be reused.",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "reuse": "open-licence",
      "status": "reported",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "name": "Fiscal Time Series – Historical Fiscal Indicators",
    "organisation": "The Treasury (New Zealand)",
    "publication_date": "2026-01-09"
  },
  "title": "Historical cash fiscal measures (to 1993)",
  "topic": "government-finances"
}