{
  "better_direction": null,
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    "end": "2025-06-30",
    "start": "1993-07-01"
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  "description": "Core Crown revenue, tax revenue and expenses expressed in constant 2024/25 prices, so years can be compared after removing the effect of rising prices. Fiscal years (June years from 1990, March years before).",
  "id": "government-finances-real",
  "issues": [],
  "kind": "level",
  "limitations": [
    "Adjusts for consumer prices, not for population growth or the size of the economy; see per-person (to be added once population is connected) and % of GDP views.",
    "Accounting-basis breaks in the nominal series (1994, 1997, 2005) carry through; compare within a basis.",
    "The CPI measures household prices, which can differ from the prices the government pays."
  ],
  "provenance": {
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    "formula": "Real value = nominal value × average CPI of the latest fiscal year ÷ average CPI of the four quarters in each fiscal year",
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        "series": "CPIQ.SE9A",
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    "origin": "calculated",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-10T18:32:15.480Z",
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    "snapshot": ""
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        {
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        {
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      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
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        {
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          "label": "2024/25",
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          "value": 141675
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      ],
      "period_convention": "Fiscal years. Year ended 31 March to 1989, year ended 30 June from 1990 (the April–June 1989 quarter falls between the two).",
      "source_label": "Core Crown Expenses",
      "title": "Core Crown expenses (inflation-adjusted, 2024/25 prices)",
      "unit": "nzd_millions"
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  ],
  "source": {
    "id": "derived",
    "landing_url": "https://nzinnumbers.co.nz/methodology",
    "licence": {
      "attribution": "Calculated by NZ in Numbers from the source datasets listed; please also credit those sources.",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-10",
      "evidence": "Our own calculations, released under CC BY 4.0. Input data keep their own licences (see inputs).",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "reuse": "open-licence",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "name": "NZ in Numbers calculation",
    "organisation": "NZ in Numbers"
  },
  "title": "Government revenue and spending, adjusted for inflation",
  "topic": "government-finances"
}