{
  "better_direction": "down",
  "coverage": {
    "end": "2025-12-31",
    "start": "2018-01-01"
  },
  "description": "How many crime incidents occurred per 100 adults (personal offences) or per 100 households (household offences) in the previous 12 months, from the NZ Crime and Victims Survey. Unlike the % victimised, this counts repeat victimisation.",
  "id": "crime-incidents-rate",
  "issues": [
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-offences"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-household-offences"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-personal-offences"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.burglary"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.physical-offences-assault-and-robbery"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.sexual-assault"
    },
    {
      "acknowledged": "Justice's current tables compare the 2018 base year with 2021 onwards. Cycles 2–3 (2019, 2019/20) are in older releases in a different format, so they are not spliced in.",
      "code": "gap",
      "dataset": "crime-incidents-rate",
      "level": "info",
      "message": "2 missing year(s) between 2018 and 2021",
      "period": "2021-12-31",
      "series": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.fraud-and-deception"
    }
  ],
  "kind": "rate",
  "limitations": [
    "Incident counts are driven heavily by a small number of people who are victimised repeatedly, so they move more from year to year than the % victimised.",
    "Survey estimates with 95% confidence intervals; this release shows 2018 and 2021 onwards (2019 and 2019/20 are in earlier releases).",
    "Not comparable with Police recorded crime."
  ],
  "provenance": {
    "adapter": "justice-nzcvs",
    "origin": "https://www.justice.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Publications/FormattedTables_HowMuchCrime_2025-2.xlsx",
    "retrieved_at": "2026-10-10T23:18:38.247Z",
    "sha256": "71252d209703e22d8398563bfefaecd46a0e632028667fceb3b11f50886dbd90",
    "snapshot": "data/raw/justice-nzcvs/2026-10-10_71252d209703.xlsx"
  },
  "related": [
    "crime-victimisation",
    "crime-victims-number"
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Personal offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-offences",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            55,
            64.8
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 59.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            55.8,
            66
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 60.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            63.7,
            90.1
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "markers": [
            "Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution."
          ],
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 76.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            55.1,
            63.2
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 59.1
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            53.2,
            64.2
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 58.7
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            53.8,
            64.9
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 59.4
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Personal offences | All offences",
      "title": "All offences: incidents per 100 adults",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Household offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-household-offences",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            30.1,
            34.9
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 32.5
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            28.7,
            33.4
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 31
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            29.6,
            34.5
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 32.1
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            26.1,
            29.9
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 28
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            23.6,
            28.1
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 25.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            24.5,
            29.5
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "markers": [
            "Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year)."
          ],
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 27
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Household offences | All household offences",
      "title": "All household offences: incidents per 100 households",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Personal offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.all-personal-offences",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            25.6,
            33.2
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 29.4
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            25.4,
            33.5
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 29.4
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            32.2,
            56.6
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "markers": [
            "Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution."
          ],
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 44.4
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            27,
            32.8
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 29.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            27.4,
            36.5
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 31.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            28.5,
            37
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 32.7
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Personal offences | All personal offences",
      "title": "All personal offences: incidents per 100 adults",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Household offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.burglary",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            15.9,
            19.1
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 17.5
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            14.5,
            17.5
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 16
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            13.2,
            16.6
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 14.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            11.6,
            14
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 12.8
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            10.4,
            13.1
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 11.8
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            11.4,
            14.5
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "markers": [
            "Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year)."
          ],
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 12.9
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Household offences | Burglary",
      "title": "Burglary: incidents per 100 households",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Personal offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.physical-offences-assault-and-robbery",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            4.4,
            7.4
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 5.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.7,
            6.8
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 5.2
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.8,
            8.4
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 6.1
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            4.3,
            6.8
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 5.6
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.4,
            5.7
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 4.6
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3,
            6
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 4.5
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Personal offences | Physical offences (assault and robbery)",
      "title": "Physical offences (assault and robbery): incidents per 100 adults",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Personal offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.sexual-assault",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.2,
            5.3
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 4.2
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.3,
            6.7
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 5
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            1.8,
            12.1
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "markers": [
            "Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution."
          ],
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 7
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.1,
            5.7
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 4.4
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            3.4,
            6.6
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 5
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            2.8,
            6.9
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "markers": [
            "Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution."
          ],
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 4.9
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Personal offences | Sexual assault",
      "title": "Sexual assault: incidents per 100 adults",
      "unit": "per_100"
    },
    {
      "attributes": {
        "group": "Personal offences"
      },
      "frequency": "annual",
      "id": "nzcvs.incidence.rate.fraud-and-deception",
      "notes": [
        "95% confidence intervals are published with each estimate.",
        "S = Suppressed as the estimate has a margin of error greater than or equal to 20 percentage points, a relative standard error greater than or equal to 50%, or an underlying sample count of less than six, which is considered too unreliable for general use.",
        "# = Estimate with a margin of error between 10 and 20 percentage points or a relative standard error between 20% to 50% and should be used with caution.",
        "^ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year).",
        "+ = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from previous year to current year).",
        "* = Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from NZ population in same year)."
      ],
      "observations": [
        {
          "ci95": [
            5.9,
            7.9
          ],
          "end": "2018-12-31",
          "label": "2018",
          "period": "2018-12-31",
          "start": "2018-01-01",
          "value": 6.9
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            6,
            8.3
          ],
          "end": "2021-12-31",
          "label": "2021",
          "period": "2021-12-31",
          "start": "2021-01-01",
          "value": 7.2
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            10.5,
            14.1
          ],
          "end": "2022-12-31",
          "label": "2022",
          "period": "2022-12-31",
          "start": "2022-01-01",
          "value": 12.3
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            11.3,
            14.1
          ],
          "end": "2023-12-31",
          "label": "2023",
          "period": "2023-12-31",
          "start": "2023-01-01",
          "value": 12.7
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            11.2,
            13.7
          ],
          "end": "2024-12-31",
          "label": "2024",
          "period": "2024-12-31",
          "start": "2024-01-01",
          "value": 12.5
        },
        {
          "ci95": [
            10.8,
            13.3
          ],
          "end": "2025-12-31",
          "label": "2025",
          "markers": [
            "Statistically significant difference across time at the 95% confidence level (from base year to current year)."
          ],
          "period": "2025-12-31",
          "start": "2025-01-01",
          "value": 12
        }
      ],
      "period_convention": "Survey cycle years (interviews spread over about 12 months; questions cover the previous 12 months)",
      "source_label": "1 | Personal offences | Fraud and deception",
      "title": "Fraud and deception: incidents per 100 adults",
      "unit": "per_100"
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "edition": "NZCVS Data Tables 2025 (Cycle 8)",
    "id": "justice-nzcvs",
    "landing_url": "https://www.justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/research-data/nzcvs/",
    "licence": {
      "attribution": "Source: Ministry of Justice, NZ Crime and Victims Survey, licensed under CC BY 4.0.",
      "checked_on": "2026-10-10",
      "evidence": "Read directly from https://www.justice.govt.nz/about-this-site/copyright/ (\"Licensed for use under the creative commons attribution licence (BY) 4.0\").",
      "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
      "reuse": "open-licence",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
    },
    "name": "NZ Crime and Victims Survey: how much crime is there",
    "organisation": "Ministry of Justice"
  },
  "title": "Crime incidents per 100 adults or households",
  "topic": "crime"
}